Helicobacter pylori
Helicobacter are spiral organisms, having cork screw like motality due to presence of multiple polar flagella.
Helicobacter pylori species is major human pathogen.
These germs can enter body and live digestive tract cause sores, ulcers, in stomach or upper part of small intestine. This infection can lead to stomach cancer.
Morphology
Helix shaped (curved rod), gram negative bacilli
Size; 3 micrometer in long with diameter about 0.5 micrometer.
Sources of Mode of Transmission
Contaminated food and water major source of infection.
Direct contact
Pathogenesis
Chronic inflammation of mucosa with help of toxin and enzyme.
Urease enzyme neutralize acidity of stomach.
Diarrhoea
Duodenal ulcer
Gastric ulcer
Development of gastric carcinoma and gastric B cell lymphoma.
Laboratory Diagnosis
Specimen collection
Cultural characteristics and culture
Urease test/ Breath test
It is urease positive.
Breath test involve administering radioactively labelled urea by mouth
If H. Pylori are present in patient stomach, the urease produce by organism will split urea to CO2 and NH3.
Treatment
Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin and Omeprazole therapy is effective to eliminate Helicobacter pylori.
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