Method of Transfer of Antimicrobial Resistance
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of microbe to resist effects of medication that once could sucessfully treat the microbes.
Resistance microbes are more difficult to treat, requiring alternative medication or higher doses of antimicrobials.
These approaches may more expensive, more toxic or both.
Microbes resistance to multiple antimicrobials are called multidrug resistant.
All classes of microbes can develop resistance.
Viruses develop antiviral resistance.
Fungi develop antifungal resistance.
Protozoa develop antiprotozoal resistance.
Bacteria develop antibiotic resistance.
Antimicrobial resistance mechanism
Natural resistance in certain type of bacteria.
Acquired genetic mutation;
a. Chromosomal method mutation
b. Extra chromosomal method plasmids
By one species acquiring resistance from another.
Some Bacteria in human body are drug resistance.
Antibiotics kill bacteria, but not those resistance to drug.
Resistance bacteria then have space to multiply
Bacteria can even trasfer their drug resistance to other bacteria.
Mechanisms used by bacteria resistant
Antibiotic inactivation (inactivation of drug)
Target modification (modification of drug target)
Altered permeability
Metabolic pathway; microorganisms can regulate internal environment by removing toxic substance.
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