Intravenous Cannula – IV Cannulation
Intravenous cannulation is a process by which a small
plastic tube (a cannula) is inserted into a peripheral vein for therapeutic purposes such as administration of
medications or fluid administration.
Different sizes of IV cannula are available that are color-coded to
define the size and their usage.
Check out parts of
cannula and its functions.
The IV cannula size generally varies from 14 to 26 gauge. IV cannula is also available in different types of
models.
The size of IV cannula is decided on the basis of the patient’s
condition, the purpose of IV cannula, and in urgency which fluids need to be
delivered.
For healthcare professionals, It is important to know what are different
types of the cannula are and their usage for effective and proper treatment of the
patient.
Types of IV Cannula
There are mainly three types of cannula-
1. Peripheral IV Cannula
2. Central line IV cannula
3. Mid-line IV cannula
Also, check out what are different types of IV catheter?
1. Peripheral IV Cannula
Peripheral IV Cannula is the most commonly used IV cannula, it is placed through the skin into a peripheral vein.
Peripheral IV cannula is connected
to an IV catheter, it is usually used for surgical patients and emergency room.
A peripheral venous catheter is primarily
used for giving of medication, fluids, blood transfusion, and blood sampling.
2. Central line IV cannula
Central line IV cannula or Central venous catheter or central line or central venous line or central
venous access is the type of IV cannula.
Central venous line is used for those
patients who are undergoing prolonged treatment and medication, fluids required
to be administered.
A Central venous catheter is inserted in a large vein in the neck, chest, groin, or arm.
A Central venous catheter is
inserted jugular vein, subclavian vein, or femoral vein.
Through the central line,
fluids, medicine, blood, or nutrition given to patients get and it is also used
to draw blood.
3. Mid-line IV cannula
Mid-line IV cannula
or Long- peripheral catheter is the IV tube placed on a large vein in the
upper part of the arm of patients.
A mid-line IV cannula
is inserted into the peripheral vein. It is placed into a large vein in the arm
and ends in a large vein near the heart.
Sizes of IV Cannula
IV Cannula is available in
different sizes. Different sizes of IV cannula have different
color codes to define their size and their usage.
IV cannula
sized by gauges. The
Gauge of the IV cannula generally varies from 14 to 26 gauge.
The required size of the
cannula is decided on the basis of-
1. Patient’s condition,
2. Purpose of the IV cannula,
and.
3. urgency at which the fluid,
medication needs to be delivered
Cannula Gauge Size
14 gauge to 26 gauge with
universal color coding for easy recognition of IV cannula.
The smaller size gauge, wider; diameter in a cannula, and has the higher
flow rate.
Know the difference between cannula and needle is; needle tip is sharp while the cannula has a blunt tip.
Get here details on hypodermic
needle or medical needle and types of medical needle and sizes.
IV Cannula Color Code
Cannula injection port caps are color for instant identification of
cannula gauge size -
|
Gauge |
Color Code |
Recommended
Use |
|
Orange |
14G |
In massive trauma
situations, rapid blood transfusions, surgery |
|
Gray |
16G |
Trauma, surgery, or
multiple Large volume
infusions |
|
Green |
18G |
Blood transfusion,
or large Volume infusions |
|
Pink |
20G |
Multi-purpose; for
medications, hydration, and routine therapies |
|
Blue |
22G |
Most
chemo-infusion; patient with small vein; elderly or pediatric, neonate
patient |
|
Yellow |
24G |
Very fragile veins;
elderly or pediatric, neonate patients |
1. 22G-25G is recommended for pediatrics.
2. 20G-25G for routine transfusions in adults.
3. 16-18G for rapid transfusions in adults.
4. 24G-26
G Infants
and neonates.
IV Cannula Size Flow Rate
There is numerous factor that affects fluid
flow rates, once the catheter is inserted into a patent. The rates of fluid
flow listed below are approximate.
Note - Flow rate also depends upon prescribed therapy and patient need.
|
Gauge |
Color Code |
Flow
Rate ml/min |
|
Orange |
14G |
240ml/min |
|
Gray |
16G |
180ml/min |
|
Green |
18G |
90ml/min |
|
Pink |
20G |
60ml/min |
|
Blue |
22G |
36ml/min |
|
Yellow |
24G |
20ml/min |
|
Violet |
26 G |
13ml/min |
Purpose of Cannulation
IV cannulation is a technique in which a cannula
is placed inside a vein to provide venous access:
1. For Repeated blood sampling
2. Intravenous (IV) fluid administration
3. intravenous medication administration
4. intravenous (IV) chemotherapy administration
5. intravenous (IV) nutritional support
6. intravenous (IV) blood or blood
products administration
7. intravenous (IV) administration of radiological
contrast agents for CT/MRI
Check out here angle of iv
injection to administer an intravenous injection.
Model of IV Cannula
The IV cannula is available in different types
of models which are:
1. IV Cannula - pen-like model
2. IV Cannula with wings model
3. IV Cannula with injection port model
4. IV Cannula y-type model
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