Plasma

 

Pasma 55%

Blood is composed of a.straw, pale yellow coloured transparent fluid plasma in which different types of cells are suspended.

Plasma provides solvent for dissolving and transporting nutrient.

Water in Plasma

Water in blood plasma is readily available to cells, tissues and extracellular fluid of body as needed to maintain the normal state of hydration.

Prevent dehydration, keep body well hydrated.

Plasma protein

Plasma protein 7%

Plasma protein are most suspended substances in plasma.

These are further divided into 3 category-

1. Albumin 54%

2. Fibrinogen 7%

3. Globulins 38%

These proteins synthesize in liver

Albumin

Albumin (54%)

It is the most abdundant protein (about 60% of all plasma protein) which is synthesized in liver.

Function of Albumin

1. Maintain plasma osmotic pressure

2. Maintains normal blood volume and pressure 

3. Binding and Transport

It maintains plasma osmotic pressure at its normal level of about 25mmHg

It promotes water retention in blood which in turn maintains blood volume and pressure.

If the amount of albumin in Plasma decrease fluid leaves blood stream and accmulates in surrounding tissue causing swelling, edema.

Albumin binding to molecules of other substances that are transported in plasm such as-

Steriod hormones

Fatty acids

Free bilirubin

 Fibrinogen

Fibrinogen 7%

It is about 4% of plasma protein, it is also produced by liver.

Function of Fibrinogen

Essential for blood clotting.

Globulin

Globulin 38%

It is about 36% of plasma proteins.

It is also produced by liver and plasma cell that derive from B- lymphocytes.

It is divided in 3 classes -

1. Alpha globulin

2. Beta globulin

3. Gamma globulin

Alpha and Beta Globulin

Function is -

To transport iron, lipid, fat soluble vitamin in blood.

High density lipoproteins (HDL) removed cholesterol and triglycerides for arteries, preventing their deposition.

Gamma Globulin

Produced in lymphoid tissue

Involve in immunity

These are immunoglobulins antibodies that help to prevent disease such as measles, tetanus and poliomyelitis.

Other Solutes

Other solutes 1.5%

1. Plasma electrolytes

Electrolytes are inorganic salts or molecules that separate into ions when they are dissolved in water.

Plasma electrolytes are; Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg2+, Cl-, Pi

Function of  Plasma Electrolytes

Help tomaintainosmotic pressure

These are essential electrolytes of body which is responsible for transmission of nerve impulses.

Help in cell formation

Help in formation of secretion

Maintain if balance between salts and alkalis

 Nutrients

These are products of digestion passed into blood for distribution to all body cells.

Nutrients present in pasma are -

Glucose form CHO

Amino acid form Protein

Lipid

Act as fuel of body

Gases

Gases dissolved in pasma.

O2, CO2, N2

O2 and CO2 transported in combination with Hb in red blood cells.

Waste Product

Waste product in plasma are -

Urea, uric acid, creatine, bilirubin, ammonium salts.

Regulatory substance

Plasma contain regulatory substance are -

Enzyme; produce by body cells.

Hormone; produce by endocrine gland are transported by blood to regulate growth and development.