Disorders of cardiovascular system
1. Congenital Heart Defect
1. Acyanotic Heart Disease
A. Disorder of increased pulmonary blood flow
1. Atrial septal defect (ASD)
2. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
3. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
B. Disorders with descreased pulmonary blood flow
1. Coarctation of aorta
2. Aortic stenosis
3. Pulmonary stenosis
2. Cyanotic Heart Disease
A. Cyanotic disorder with decreased pulmonary blood flow
1. Tetralogy of Fallot ( TOF)
a. Ventricular septal defect
b. Overriding of aorta
c. Pulmonary stenosis
d. Right ventricular hypertrophy
2. Tricuspid atresia
B. Cyanotic disorder with mixed circulation
1. Complete D- transposition of great arteries (TGA)
2. Other Cardiac disorders
1. Congenital heart failure (CHF)
2. Rheumatic fever/ Rheumatic heart disease
a. Mitral regurgitation
b. Mitral stenosis
c. Aortic regurgitation
d. Tricuspid regurgitation
Factor associated with congenital heart defect
1. Fetal and maternal infection
2. Chromosomal abnormalities
3. Maternal insulin dependent diabetes
4. Teratogenic effect of drug
Symptoms that include congenital heart defect
1. Marfan's stndrome
Mitral valve prolapse and dilated aortic root. (affect connective tissue)
2. Turner's syndrome (Female born with mixed only X chromosome.
Aortic valve stenosis, coarctation of aorta
3. Noonan's syndrome
Dysplastic pulmonary valve (Presence of abnormal growth and development of tissue/ organ.
4. William's syndrome
Peripheral pulmonary stenosis, supra valvular pulmonary stenosis.
5. Di George syndrome ; defect in chromosome 22
Interrupted aortic arch; truncus arteriosus (single blood vessel leaving heart instead of two), transposition of great artery (TGA) and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF); aorta and pulmonary artery are in unusual position.
6. Down's syndrome
Atrioventricular defect and ventricular septal defect
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