Injection Type and Sites
An injection is the introduction of a drug, vaccine, liquid, and another therapeutic agent into the body using a needle and syringe.
A needle and
syringe are used for an injection, it is a way of administering a liquid to a patient.
Check out
here parts
of syringe and needle.
Types of Injection
The four most frequently used types of injection are-
1. Intravenous Injection
The
abbreviation of intravenous injection is IV. This route is the fastest way to send medication
and deliver fluids directly into a vein.
Intravenous (IV) injection or infusion; medication sent directly into vein using a needle or tube.
Get here details on intravenous drug administration; IV push, IV infusion.
2. Intramuscular Injection
The
abbreviation of intramuscular injection is IM. This route is used for the Injection
of a substance into muscle.
3. Subcutaneous
Injection
The
abbreviation for subcutaneous injection is SC.
For SC
injection, the short needle is used to give medication into the layer between
the skin and muscle.
4. Intradermal Injection
The
abbreviation of Intradermal injection is ID. This route is used to deliver medication into the dermis or the skin
layer underneath the epidermis.
Check out
what are medical
needle types and sizes are used for the administration of injection?
The angle of Injection for Administration
There are recommended degrees of angle for the administration of the injection -
1. Intramuscular (IM) injection
Angle for IM
injection at a 90-degree, administer into the muscle.
2. Subcutaneous (SC) injection
Angle for SC
injection at a 45-degree or 90 degree.
3. Intravenous (IV) injection
IV route is used to send medication directly into the vein using a needle at
a 25-degree angle.
4. Intradermal (ID) injection
Angle for ID
injection at 10 to15-degree angles, inject medication into the dermis with
the needle.
Understand Layers of Skin
There are
mainly 3 layers of skin-
1. Epidermis
Epidermis is
the outer layer of skin, that visible to your eye.
2. Dermis
Dermis layer
of skin lies beneath the epidermis and above subcutaneous layer.
3. Subcutaneous/ Hypodermis
Subcutaneous
layer directly below the dermis, it is the innermost layer of the skin, attach
to skeletal muscle and bone.
Sites of Injection Administration
1. Site for Intramuscular Injection – IM Route
IM injection
sites are –
1. Deltoid Muscle
The deltoid muscle
is the muscle of the upper Arm, this site is most typically used for vaccines.
To find the correct site to give the injection is two finger widths below the acromion
process.
At below of
two fingers, make an upside-down triangle, make V-shape, give the injection in
the center of the triangle.
2. Vastus lateralis Muscle
The Vastus lateralis muscle of the thigh is commonly used for
immunizations in infants.
To find an area of injection. divided the
upper thigh into three parts; the injection given into the outer top portion of the middle section.
3. Ventrogluteal Muscle
Ventrogluteal
muscle is the muscles of the hip.
To find the correct area of injection, place your hand on the hip of the person receiving
an injection, with the fingers pointing towards it.
Spead your
index and middle finger to create V-shape, and inject the needle into
the middle of that "V shape".
4. Dorsalgluteal Muscle
The dorsal gluteal muscle is a muscle of the buttock.
Note – Keep in mind,
there is a risk of potential injury to the sciatic nerve. So, administer
injection correct site.
2. Site for Subcutaneous Injection
Subcutaneous
injection sites are-
1. Arm; back or
side of the upper arm
2. Abdomen; 2-inch
area away around the navel
3. Thigh; front
of the thigh
For example
- Insulin is administered via the subcutaneous layer.
3. Site for Intravenous Injection
IV injection
sites are-
With standard IV administration; a needle is usually inserted
into a vein in the wrist, back of the hand elbow, and the outer surface of the
foot.
Intravenous injection site most often placed in the back of the hand, on
the forearm; inside of the elbow.
4. Sites for Intradermal Injection
ID injection
sites are-
1. Upper arm; BCG
injection usually left upper arm
2. Forearm; Tuberculin
Test and allergy testing
While
administering Injection, Healthcare employees should carefully keep in mind
the routes of drug administration according to medical
prescription, to avoid medication errors.
What equipment is needed for Injections?
Equipment
needed for injection includes; needles, syringes, and catheters.
Know here what are types of
syringe tips?
The Luer
lock syringe allows easy exchange of needle to syringe and prevents the needle falls off from the syringes.
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