HLA and disease Association/ MHC/ Tissue Typing/ Antigen HLA typing
Autosomal dominant inheritance pattern
1. ABO blood group antigens
2. HLA antigen
3. Alpha- 1 antitrypsin deficiency; causes lung and liver disease
Antigen
Antigen are those molecules who can generate antibodies.
There are two types of antigen;
1. Exogenic (foreign) antigen
From external environment
2. Endogenic (self antigen)
Occurs inside body
a. Xenogenic
Antigen enter from; mismatch, transportation of organs or tissues.
b. Allogenic
Antigen transfer by blood transfusion procedure.
c. Autologous (self-antigen)
Example, Autoimmune diseases
Property change; automatic immune system activated.
Major Histocompatibility Complex
Many cluster of gene plays important role in development of immune response and differentiation between self antigen and non self antigen.
Function
Determine whether tissue graft will be accepted by gene.
These cluster of genes are present n chromosome 6.
Antigen - HLA Type (Human leucocytes antigen)
Human leukocyte antigen typing is method to determine how closely the tissue of one person match the tissues of another person.
Chromosome 6
Long arm Short arm
HLA region found in short arm of chromosome 6.
HLA region; test to know about self antigen
HLA Associated Diseases
1. Autoimmune disease
2. Rheumatoid arthritis
3. Multiple sclerosis
4. Ankylosing spondylitis
5. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
6. Myasthenia gravis
7. Hemochromatosis
8. Systematic lupus erythematous
9. Celioc disease
10. Addison's disease
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