Bone Type
According to shape
1. Long bone
2. Short bone
3. Irregular bone
4. Flat bone
1. Long bone
Larger than it wide. Help in lift weight.
Length greater than wide.
Consist of shaft and variable end.
Slightly curved for strength
Longest bone in body; such as arm and leg bine; femur, Humerus, Tibia
Relatively short i; metocapals, metatarsal, phalanges (finger and toes)
Ing bone act as levers that pulled by contracting muscle.
Long bone consist mainly compact bone.
Both ends of bone are covered with hyaline cartilages help protect the bone and aid shock absorption.
Examples of long bone; femer, tibia, fibula, phalanges, humerus, Ulna, Radius
2. Short bone
Nearly equal in length and width but they are shaped irregularly and cube shaped.
They are spongy bone except at surface, thin layer of compact bone. Having large amount of bone marrow.
Mainly found hands and feet.
Wrist; carpel bones
Ankles; tarsal bone
Patella (kneecup) also considered short bone.
(Knee bone helps in articulating.
In short bone some areas where nutrient blood vessel enter, tendon attach bone to muscle and ligament connect bone to bone.
Function
Providing support and stability with little movement.
3. Flat Bones
Flat plates of bone.
Providing protection to the body's vital organ.
Being a base for muscular attachment.
There are actually thin or curved more often than they are flat.
Composed of two nearly parallel plates of compact bone enclosing spongy bone.
In adult highest number of red blood cells are formed in flat bones.
Function
Broad surface for protection of organ and attachment of muscles (origin or insertion of muscles).
Curved bone of skull from protective enclosure for brain.
For example; scapula, cranial bones, sternum, Ribes
4. Irregular Bone
Non-uniform shape
Varied, shape, sizes and surface features.
Vary in amount of spongy and compact bone present.
For example; vertebrae, sacrum, many facial bone; maxillary bone
Function
1. Vertebral bone (support spinal cord and protection)
2. Protection of nervous tissue
3. Skeletal muscle attachment
2. According to location
1. Sesamoid bone
2. Sutural bone
3. Accessory bone
1. Sesamoid bones
Sesamoid bone embedded in tendons.
These small, round or irregular Bone are commonly found in tendons of; hand, knee, feet.
Usually occurs where tendons pass over joint of long bone, as in wrist or knee.
Function
Modify pressure
Prevent from friction
Protect tendons from stress and wear.
For example; patella (knee cup)
Quadriceps femoris
Pisiform carpal bone
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
2. Sutural bone
Sutural bone are extra additional bone piece that can occur within sutures (joint) in skull.
(Small irregular bones)
Suture bones are accessory bones that occurs as bone located between sutural bone (joints) of flat bones of skull
Provide support and protection to the area.
3. Accessory bone
Not normally present in body but still present in. Significantly large number of people.
Most commonly found in feet.
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