fallopian tube

 Uterine Tubes 

Uterine tubes are called fallopian tubes or oviducts.

Uterine tubes extend laterally from sides of uterus.

One of paired uterine tubes receives secondary oocyte from ovary and conveys it to uterus.

Abdominal ostium

Ostium is hole or aperture in infundibulum opens into abdominal cavity by an aperture called ostium.

Opening in the infundibulum of uterine tube (distal tube) into the abdominal cavity.

In graafian follicles repture, secondary oocyte is released into pelvic cavity.

 It is surrounded by fimbriae, which help in the collection of the oocyte.

Movement of fimbriae in infundibulum sweep ovulated secondary oocyte from peritoneal cavity into uterine tube.

Secondary oocyte enters the fallopian tube through abdominal ostium opening.

Uterine tube length; 10-13cm

Uterine tube diameter; 0.5-1.2cm

Parts of Fallopian Tube

Fimbriae

Fimbriae is finger like projection, which is close association with the ovary.

1. Infundibulum

Infundibulum is funnel shaped region. It near a number of finger like projection called fimbriae, so it also called fimbriated end.

2. Isthmus

3. Ampulla

Ampulla is site of fertilization.

4.  Intramural or interstitial part

Structure of fallopian tube

1. Outer serous membrane

Fallopian tube outer layer is outer serous membrane part of visceral peritoneum.

2. Middle muscularis

Muscularis is thick in isthmus and thin in ampulla.

Circular muscular coat is thickest in isthmus and act as sphincter helps in sufficiently to mature fertilized ovum for implantation.

Composed of;

Inner layer spirally arranged smooth muscle fibers.

Middle layer of circular fibers

Outer layer longitudinal layer

3. Inner mucous membrane 

Made up of single layer of columnar cell that contain cilitated and non cilitated secretory cells called peg cells. 

Secretory cells provide nourishment for secondary oocyte and cilia helps to propel towards uterus.

Functions of Uterine Tubes

Utrine tube collects the secondary oocyte and transport toward uterus.

Recieve sperms from uterine cavity into fallopian tubes.

Cilia of inner surface of uterine tubes and contraction propel ova towards the uterus.

Uterine tube site if fertilization.

Secretion nourish the fertilized egg during migration into endometrial cavity.

If embryo implants into fallopian tube instead of uterus, creating ectopic pregnancy, known as tubal pregnancy.