Neisseria Gonorrhoea
The genus neisseria consists of gram negative, aerobic, non-motile, diplococci (arranged in pairs).
Neisseria gonorrhoea causes sexually transmitted disease gonorrhoea (Gonococcal Infection).
Morphology
Gram negative bean shape diplococci enclosed in capsule made of polysaccharide.
Arranged in pair
Characteristics
Grow best at temperature; 35-36 degree Celsius, in presence of 5-10% CO2 at PH 7.2-7.6
They required enrich medium like chocolate agar for growth.
Cannot tolerate UV light.
Source and Mode of Transmission
Major source of Infection;
1. Carrier's vaginal discharge (incase of female)
2. Urethral discharge of carrier (incase of male)
Infected is transmitted by sexual contact.
During delivery of body through infected birth canal.
Pathogenesis
It is sexually transmitted disease involving urethra in both sexes but in female, endocervix is primary site of infection.
The incubation period is 2-8 days.
1. Ophthalmia Neonatrum
In new born through infected birth canal.
2. Gonococcal Vulvovaginitis
In adult women vagina usually is resistant to gonococcal infection because of acidic PH of vaginal secretion, but Vulvovaginitis can occurs in prepubertal girls.
Lab Diagnosis
Urethral discharge and cervical discharge (in female)
Specimen collection
Transport
Direct microscopy
Gram staining of smear from urethral discharge show gram -ve (red or pink colour cocci).
Culture
Chocolate agar is used for culture of specimen and incubated at 35 -36 degree Celsius for 48 hours.
Colony morphology and gram staining
Gram -ve cocci, arranged in pair bean shaped.
Biochemical reaction
Ferment glucose with acid only.
Not ferment maltose, lactose or sucrose.
Treatment and Prevention
Sensitive to large doses of penicillin or doxycycline.
Prevention
Safe sex is effective in preventing the transmission of Infection.
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