insects vectors rodents

Rodents and Vectors

Animal serve source of reservoir host.

Insects and animals that transmit pathogens to humans are called vectors. For example; mosquito, ticks, rodents, dogs, cats, mites, flies, flea, and lice.

Rodents are primary reservoir host of yersinia pestis (plague).

Rodents are major source of infection;

1. Plague

2. Rocky mountain spotted fever

3. Typhus fever 

4. Typhoid

Vectors are agents or carriers to carry disease producing organism (pathogen).

1. Biological vector

Develop and multiply.

Female Anopheles mosquito is biological vector of malarial parasite.

2. Mechanical vector

Remain attached with it but not multiply or develop in it.

For example; Housefly carry bacilli from fecal or contaminated material transmit it from one place to another.

Major Disease Transmitted by Animal (Rodent) and Insect Vectors are;

1.Viral Diseases

1.Rabies

Saliva of infected animal, for example; dog

2. Yellow fever

Spread by mosquito, ticks, lice, fleas, mites, chiggers

3. Japanese encephalitis

Bite of infected mosquito

4. KFD

5. Chickengunya fever

Transmitted by mosquitoes bite or strings.

6. Dengue

Mosquito borne viral disease

2. Rickettsial diseases

1. Scrub typhus

Bites of infected chiggers (larvae) 

2. Murine typhus

Transmitted by lice, fleas usually on rats cause viral illness.

3. Tick typhus

Rock mountain spotted fever by ticks.

4. Q fever

Transmitted by animal sheep, goat, cattle caused by inhaling contaminated dust particles contaminated by infected animals.

3. Bacterial disease

1 Brucellosis

Spread from animal to people.

2. Leptospirosis

Spread through urine of infected animal.

3. Plague

Transmitted by fleas by infected rats.

4. Human Salmonellosis

Caused by insert contaminated hand, flies, contaminated food.

4. Parasite diseases

1. Taeniasis

Tapeworm infection affect digestive systems caused by eating undercooked beef or pork contains tapeworm eggs.

2. Hydatid disease

Tapeworm infection affect liver, lung, brain and other organ.

3. Leishmaniasis

Kala-azar (black fever)

4. Malaria

Caused by bite of female Anopheles mosquito.