Serological Tests
Serology is the study of serum.
Seologic test are blood tests that look for antibodies in your blood. They can involve a number of laboratory techniques.
Different types of serologic test are used to diagnose various disease conditions.
Serological tests have one thing in common. They all focus on protein made by your immune system.
It is the science that studies antigen-antibody or immunological reaction of the body, using serum specimen.
Primary role of serology laboratory is to diagnose infectious diseases by observing the presence of an immune antibody in the patient which resulted from infection or entery of the pathogen (antigen) into the body.
Method/ Principles of serodiagnostic tests
To identify the specific antibody and antigen in patient serum.
1. Precipitation
2. Flocculation
3. Agglutination
4. Neutralization reaction
5. Complement fixation
Flocculation
It is aggregation of inert particles like latex, charcoal, cholesterol emulsion coated with an antigen as a result of immunological reaction.
Flocculation technique is best applied in VDRL test for the diagnosis of syphilis.
Neutralization reaction
In neutralization, toxin produced by the pathogen is used as reagent, which is neutralized by antibody present in patient serum.
It is applied in Antistreptolysin O test for diagnosis of "streptococcus pyrogenes" infection.
Serological test
1. Blood analysis
2. Syphilis test
3. Kahn test; diagnosis for syphilis
4. Neutralization test
5. VDRL or RPR
6. Widal reaction; Diagnosis for enteric fever
7. ELISA
8. RPR (rapid plasma reagin) ; screening test for syphilis
9. TPHA (treponema palladium haemagglutination assay); diagnosis of syphilis
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