Taenia solium
Taenia solium known as pork tapeworm or armed tapeworm due to presence of rostellum and Hooklets.
Infection occurs by eating row or insufficiently cooked pork.
Adult worm live in small intestine.
Morphology
Adult worm measures 2-3 meter in length. It consist 3 parts;
1. Scolex (head)
2. Neck
3. Proglottids
Scolex has four circular suckers.
Head contain rostellum armed with double row of Hooklets.
Neck is short and measures 5-10 mm in length.
Source and Modes of Transmission
Parasite is transmitted by eating inadequately cooked pork containing larvae or by ingestion of eggs of taenia solium by consuming contaminated blood and water.
Life cycle
The worm passes it's life cycle in two host;
1. Definitive host (man- adult worms)
2. Intermediate host (pig- larval stage)
When person get infected by ingestion of undercooked pork containing larvae which become adult in small intestine in human.
Fertilized proglottids containing egg are passed out in feces.
Animal become infected by swallowing these egg.
After ingestion egg reach in intestine of pig and hatch out as larvae which penetrate stomach wall and carried into systemic circulation and enter into muscular tissue.
They grow and develop into cysticercocis stage, human being infected by eating uncooked pork containing larvae inside alimentary canal of man, scolex attaches to gut wall by its suckers and then develops into adult worm.
The cycle is repeated;
1. Man get infected by ingestion of undercooked pork with containing egg.
2. Larvae released from eggs into human intestine.
3. Converted adult worms (male and female) in human intestine.
4. Female worm released egg, which pass through stool.
5. Infected by pig, consume these egg on infected human feces.
6. Egg reach intestine of pig and hatch out into larvae.
7. From muscle tissue larvae penetrate into stomach wall of pig and enter in circulation.
8. Larva reaches in skeletal muscle tissue.
9. In muscle larvae grow and develop into mature larvae.
Pathogenesis and clinical significance
When person ingest inadequately cooked pork or egg of parasite; it enter in small intestine where it causes taeniasis.
If larval stage reached in brain cause epileptic seizures.
Symptoms
Eggs, larvae or segment of tape worm in stool
Abdominal pain
Diarrhoea
Inflammation of intestine
Laboratory Diagnosis
Specimen collection
Stool sample
Stool examination in normal saline
Show eggs of worm
Microscopic examination
Segment of worm in stool can be seen.
Other test
CT scan, biopsy subcutaneous noudle
Treatment
Mebendazole, Albendazole and Mepacrine are effective.
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