Fetus in utero
Fetal lies inside uterus in closed-sac filled with liquor amnii.
Terminology
1. Lie
2. Presentation
3. Presenting part
4. Attitude
5. Denominator
6. Position
1. Lie
Fetus lies inside uterus in;
Longitudinal lie
Transverse lie
Oblique lie
Refers to the relationship between long axis of fetus with respect to long axis of mother.
2. Presentation
Part of fetus which occupies at lower pole of uterus (pelvic brim) called presentation may be;
Cephalic
Breech
Shoulder
When more than one part of fetus present called compound presentation.
3. Presentating part
Part of presentation which overlies the internal OS and felt by examining finger through cervical opening.
Cephalic (vertex)
Face and brow
4. Attitude
Relation of different part of fetus to one other.
Relationship of fetal head of fetal back or extremities.
Posture of fetus;
Flexion (vertex)
Deflexion (vertex)
Extension
Brow
Face
5. Denominator
Bony fixed point (bony landmark) on presentating part which comes in relation with various
quadrants of maternal pelvis.
Denominator of Different Presentation
In vertex; Occiput
Face; Mentum (chin)
Breech; sacrum
Brow; Frontal eminence
Shoulder; acromion/scapula
6. Position
Relation of the denominator to the different quadrants of pelvis.
8 positions with each presenting part;
Anterior, posterior, right and left is referred in relation to maternal pelvis.
Occipito posterior (OP)
Right occipito posterior (ROP)
Left occipito posterior (LOP)
Right occipito transverse (ROT)
Left occipito transverse (LOT)
Right occipito anterior (ROA)
Left occipito posterior (LOA)
Occipito anterior (OA)
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