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Vital Signs - Measure Blood Pressure, HBP, LBP Readings

Vital signs – Measure Blood Pressure


 

Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries' blood vessels, in which blood is flowing.

 

Blood pressure is the force of the blood pushing against the artery walls of the blood vessel.

 

Blood pressure is measured by using a device called a Sphygmomanometer and stethoscope for listening to the sound.

 

Healthcare providers must know the parts of sphygmomanometer and parts of stethoscope.

 

Blood pressure is measured in mm Hg and reading recorded with the systolic number first, followed by the diastolic number. 

 

 

Vital signs or cardinal signs include; TPR and BP major primary vital signs.

 

 

Normal Blood Pressure Readings

 

The Normal Blood pressure value for Adults is 120/80 mm Hg.

 

 

Blood Pressure = Systolic pressure/Diastolic pressure mm Hg

 

 

The brachial artery and popliteal artery is most commonly used to measure Blood pressure.

 

 

What is Pulse Pressure?

 

Pulse Pressure is the difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.

 

 

 Pulse Pressure = Systolic pressure - Diastolic pressure

 

 

 

Understanding Blood Pressure Readings in Adults

 

 


Blood pressure readings for normal blood pressure and stages of hypertension.

 

 

Normal Values of Blood Pressure in Adult

 



Check out here the normal pulse rate by age.

 

 

 

 

Blood Pressure Readings

 

The blood pressure reading is measured by using systolic pressure and diastolic pressure reading.

 

 

1. Systolic Pressure

 

Systolic Pressure period of contraction of the heart.

Systole causes arterial contraction feeds blood into the ventricles and ejects blood into the aortic and pulmonary trunk.

 

 

2. Diastolic Pressure

 

Diastolic pressure is the time period when the heart is in a state of relaxation and dilation (expansion). 

Diastolic cause filling of the chambers with blood after contraction. It is a period of relaxation that occurs as the chambers fill with blood.

Arterial relaxation occurs while the ventricle is contracting and ventricular relaxation when arterial is contracting.

 

 

Know here what is normal respiratory rate by age.

 

 

Purpose of Assessing Blood pressure

 

 

1. To obtain a baseline measure of arterial blood pressure

2. To identify and monitor changes in blood pressure

 

 

Sites for Measuring Blood Pressure

 

Sites of BP measures are- 

 

1. Upper arm; using Brachial artery

 

2. Thigh; around Popliteal artery

 

3. Fore-arm; using Radial artery

 

4. Leg; Using Posterior Tibial or Dorsal Pedis artery

 

 

Heart sound 

 

A heart makes commonly two sounds S1 'lub' and S2 'dub’.

 

1. Heart sound  S1 “Lub”

 

Heart sound  S1 “Lub”, the closing of the tricuspid valve and mitral valve.

 

2.  Heart sound  S2 “Dub”

 

Heart sound  S2 “Dub”, the closing of the aortic and pulmonary valve  (Semilunar Valve).

 

 

Alteration in Blood Pressure     

               

There are mainly two types of alteration in BP are- 

 

1. Hypotension

 

Hypotension is called low blood pressure, as readings lower than 90 mm Hg systolic or 60 mm Hg diastolic.

 

2. Hypertension

 

Hypertension is called high blood pressure; usually, hypertension is defined as blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg.

 

 

Risk Factors for High Blood Pressure

 

Risk factors for high blood pressure include-

 

1. Overweight or obese

 

2. Drink too much alcohol

 

3. Smoking

 

4. Diabetes mellitus

 

5. High cholesterol

 

6. Kidney disease

 

7. Sedentary lifestyle

 

8. Experience chronic stress

 

9. Too much salt in diet

 

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