granulocytes

 Based on presence or absence of granules leukocytes are two types-

1. Granulocytes:; 70-80%

2. Agranulocytes; 20-30%

1. Granulocytes 

Granulocytes; 70-80% are -

Neutrophils; 60-70% of total leukocytes

Eosinophils; 1-4%

Basophils,; 0.5-1%

Granulocytes, most numerous of WBCs cells are granulocytes, contain large number of granules in the cytoplasm outside their multilobed nuclei.

Neutrophils

Neutrophils, neutrophils are most common type of leukocytes. These are phagocytes that engulf and destroy microorganisms and other foreign materials.

Size; 12-15micrometer in diameter

Nuclei of neutrophils have 2-6 lobes, connected very thin strands.

Neutrophils have cytoplasmic granules, granules inside the cytoplasm are pockets of enzymes. These enzymes contribute to the neutrophils vital role in the defense against invading microorganism.

In the course of phagocyyosis the neutrophils may also be destroyed and their granules are depleted.

Dead microorganism, dead tissue and neutrophils make up the thick, whitish fluid called pus.

Function of Neutrophils

1. Innate immune system

2. Protect against foreign material to entry

3. Chemotaxis, specific chemical released at site of infection or tissue injury attract neutrophils

5. Engulf and destroy bacteria and other pathogen

6. Diapedesis

7. Capable of amoeboid movement

8. Phagocytosis

Neutrophils increases in number in following condition-

It increases in severe exercise and late stages of pregnancy.

In other condition such as-

Microbial infection

Where there is tissue damage example, coronary thrombosis, burns.

Metabolic condition example, diabetic ketoacidosis.

Leukemia

Heavy smoking

Use of oral contraceptives

2. Eosinophils

Eosinohils are types of diseases- fighting white blood cell.

Shape; eosinophils have B-shaped nuclei usually having 2 lobe connected by a thin or thick strand.

Size; large granules are present in cytoplasm.

Eosinophils are10-12micrometer in diameter.

Eosinophils are phgocytes that have amoeboid movement.

Granule contain lysosomal enzymes and peroxidase that when released destroy phagocytized material.

Function of Eosionophils

1. Phagocytize antigen-antibody complex

2. Producing enzyme histamines, when body contact with allergen.

3. Destroy certain parasitic worm

4. Reduce inflammatory response, example parasitic infection, allergic infection

Number of eosinophils increases in flowinhg condition-

1. During allergy attack such as asthma, hay fever, food and drug sensitivities and skin condition.

2. With certain parasitic infections

3. Some autoimmune diseses

4. Certain type of cancer

3. Basophils

Basophils are least numerous of all granuloccyte that contain large cytoplasmic granuloocytes.

Size; 8-10micrometer in diameter

Mature nucleus of paedophiles bilobed or irregular in shape

Basophils play an important role in both allergic and inflammatory reaction and prevent infection.

Granules contain (heparin, an anticoagulant) which prevent clotting of blood and histamin, an inflammatory agent which dilates general body blood vessels and constrict blood vessels in the lungs.

These are important to provide immunity against parasite.

Function of Basophils

1. Heparin prevent blood clotting

2. Histamine is vasodilator that makes blood vessles more permeable

3. Providing immunity in both allergic and inflammatory reaction.