Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) or Protein- calories malnutrition
Form of malnutrition where there is inadequate protein and calorie intake.
Primary nutritional problem in India
PEM us due to "food gap" between intake and requirement (in particular time).
Causes childhood morbidity and mortality.
Common nutrition problem among the preschoolers
Affect growth and development of child
Protein energy malnutrition (PEM)
1. Kwashiorkor
Most common and widespread nutritional disorder in developing country. May be due to acute illness/infection.
2. Marasmus
One of the most serious form of protein energy malnutrition in the world.
May be due to prolonged starvation.
3. Marasmic kwashiorkor
Deficiency of both protein and calories.
PEM Symptoms
Poor weight gain
Edema
Behavior changes
Anxiety
Abnormal changes in body temperature
Abnormal metabolism
Irritability
Diagnostic test for PEM
Serum albumin level is low
Urine test reveal ketonuria
Glucose tolerance test is positive
Serum cholesterol level is low
Prevention and control of PEM
Adequate intake calories and protein
Well balanced diet
Distribution of iron and folic acid
Health education about patient diet
Food fortification
Take supplementary food
Control infection
Community based nutritional programme
Improving nutritional status of adolescents, pregnant and lactating women
Prophylaxis vitamin A
Growth monitoring
Immunization
Protein calories rich diet, formation oat home level
Prevent micronutrients deficiency
Causes of PEM
Inadequate intake of food
Infection in baby
Low economic status
Maternal problem - anaemia
Inadequate nutrition of mother
Dietary deficiency
Failure to lactation
Poor environment sanitation
Decrease absorption and abnormal metabolism
If protein synthesis not occur due to metabolic problem, not able to produce heat-calories.
If protein not taking; protein synthesis not occurs, not produce year-round energy.
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