Difference between Adult and Child
Adult
1. Adult head is not heavier than body.
2. Adult skin not as much thinner than children.
3. Normal cell division.
4. Voluntary control on body.
5. There is tear formation in eyes.
6. Integumentary system
1. Skin problem
Apocrine glands are properly developed in axilla, areola and genital area.
2. Respiratory system
1. Protection from invasive infection of microorganisms.
2. Respiration rate; 16-24 breaths/minutes
3. Heart rate; 60-100 beats/minutes
4. Sufficient amount of mucus
5. Lung proper developed and mature
3. Adult circulation
1. Increase pressure on the left side of heart.
2. Exchange of gases takes place in lungs.
3. No patant ductus arteriosus present, permanently closed.
4. Hematologic system
1. Life span of RBC is 100-120days.
2. Blood volume; 60-70ml/kg of body weight.
5. Urinary system
1. Kidney are mature enough for proper functioning.
2. Nephron are properly functioning.
3. Under voluntary control.
6. Gastrointestinal system
1. Cardiac sphincter of stomach is fairly tight .
2. Empty time of stomach very slow.
7. Neurologic system
1. Fontanels closed in adults.
2. Reflex activities disappear in adult, voluntary control is developed.
Anatomical difference
Length;
Weight;
Head circumference;
Chest circumference;
Mid arm circumference
Child
1. New born head larger and heavier as compared to his body.
2. Thinner skin children have thinner skin than adult.
3. Rapidly dividing cell children's cell divide more rapidly than adults.
4. No voluntary control over the environment and activity.
5. Temporary teeth
6. No tear in early Infancy.
1. Integumentary system
1. Apocrine sweat gland small and non functional from birth to preschool years.
2. Respiratory system
1. No protection from invasion of microorganisms resulting frequent Respiratory infection in children.
2. RR; 40-60 breaths/minutes
3. HR; 140-160beats/minutes
4. No sufficient amount of mucus
5. Lung is immature
3. Fetal circulation
1. Increase pressure on right side of heart.
2. Exchange of gases takes placed in placenta.
3. Patant ductus arteriosus present in fetus and close after birth.
4. Hematologic system
1. Life span of RBC; 60-90 days
2. Blood volume; 85ml/kg of birth weight
5. Urinary system
1. Infant kidney are immature with reduced ability to filtrate and concentrated urine.
2. Nephron not grow and functioning.
3. Not under voluntary control.
6. Gastrointestinal system
1. Cardiac sphincter quite relaxed in infant resulting in regurgitation and vomiting in infancy.
2. Empty time of stomach is about 2-3 hours in toddlers.
7. Neurologic system
1. Fontanels present in neonates.
2. Reflex Activity that are present during infancy.
Anatomical difference
Length; 45-52 cm
Weight; 2.5-3.5 kg
Head circumference; 33-35 cm
Chest circumference; 30-33 cm
Mid arm circumference; 9.5-12.5 cm
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