Movement of Synovial joint.
1. Gliding
2. Angular
3. Circulation
4. Special
1. Gliding
Nearly flat bone surfaces ide or glide over each other.
For example; intercarpal joint
Intervertebral discs
2. Angular
Movement produce when angle between bones of a joint change.
1. Flexion
2. Extension
3. Hyper extension
4. Abduction
5. Adduction
6. Dorsiflexion
7. Plantar flexion
3. Circulation
Rotation around axis joint.
1. Circumduction distal and of bones moves in circular motion which proximal end remains stable, achieved by successive flexion, abduction, extension and adduction.
2. Rotation
1. Internal (medial) rotation
Rotates towards midline of body.
2. External (lateral) rotation
Rotates away form midline of body.
3. Pronation
4. Supination
4. Special
1. Inversion
2. Eversion
3. Protraction
4. Retraction
5. Depression
6. Depression
7. Elevation
8. Lateral excursion
9. Apposition
10. Reposition
Factors affecting movements at synovial joints
1. Structure and shape of articulating bones
How fit together.
For example; hip bone
Head of femer articulates with acetabulum of Hip bone.
2. Strength and tension of joint ligament
Direct the movement of articulating bone with respect to each other and restrict type of movement.
3. Arrangement and tension of muscle
Muscles of body remains semi- contracted for extended period.
4. Hormones
5. Contact of soft parts such as adipose tissue
6. Disuse
For example; elbow band (no move further as anterior surface of forearm).
7. Interference by other structure
Lowering shoulder is limited by presence of thorax.
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