National policy and legislations related to child health and welfare
Safeguard the right of children (form of act maintaining public)
1. The children's act, 1960
2. Juvenile justice act, 1986
3. Child labor (prohibition and regulation act, 1986)
4. Child marriage restraint act, 1929
5. Education for all handicapped children act, 1975
6. Child abuse and treatment act, 1974
1. The children's act, 1960
Provide for children with appropriate care, maintenance, welfare training and education of the
"NEGLECTED CHILD"
As per this act, the neglected child is a child who-
1. is found begging
2. Homeless
3. Orphan
4. Unfit Guardian
5. Lives in brothel ( house where man visit prostitute) or in prostitute
6. Children of parents with critical disease.
Steps in act by Government
1. Give the children shelter and food.
2. Provide them free education in government schools.
3. Classes to improve moral education.
4. Incase of any crime and guilty, the government involved in the following act will take care of child.
2. Juvenile justice Act, 1986
This act was given in collaboration with world heath organization in year 1986.
As per this law the juvenile is a child who has not attain the age of upto 18 years, who is considered as "NEGLECTED CHILD" is found;
Bagging
Is being exploited or
Abused and or is suffering from chronic disease.
Deliquent Juvenile
A child is less than 18 years of age, who has been found to commit or offence or crime.
Government action for the act;
The government stands responsible for education or occupation of 18 year old age.
The deliquent Juvenile is make sure that he or she doesn't come direct contact with police constable.
The government stands responsible for detailed investigation, care and treatment of the above children.
This act also ensures the option of adoption of child.
The children are given complete education training, for their better career options.
3. The child labor (prohibition and regulation) act, 1986
In order to safeguard the employment among children, the government of India has given, child labor act in 1986.
As per this act "child refers to person below 14 years of age".
Key features;
1. The children should not allowed in hazardous to work in occupation such as;
Coal mines, carpet weaving, cement manufacturing and building construction.
2. The child above about 14 year be allowed in occupation such as; catering unit, railway stations, bus stands or goods transportation.
3. The child in the listed occupation can only work for three hours for upto not more than 6 hours.
4. Proper time duration for rest and meals should also be given to the child.
5. The employer should be responsible for safeguard and to follow the rules for healthy and safe environment.
6. Every child who will appointed for work, should have taken permission from local police, employee in order to ensure their safety.
4. Child nutritional programme
Child nutrition programme was started with collaboration with UNICEF to ensure that the children can have access to optimum nutrition in an order to prevent from protein energy malnutrition.
Various programs being started under child nutrition programme;
1. Mid day meal programme
2. National school lunch programme (NSLP)
3. School breakfast programme
4. Other nutritional service programme
Among all the government of India has opted the mid day meal programme/ scheme, school meal programme which is running across the rural areas of country.
Mid day Meal Programme
The mod day meal programme was started in early 1995 by the government of India.
After certain modification and amendment the programmed has been rename PM-POSAN (2021).
PM-POSAN also stands for pradhanmantri posan Shakti nirman.
The programme has been opted by the central government thus covering the children upto 5 years of age.
Objectives of mid-day meal programme (MDMP)
1. Provide optimum nutrition and supplimentation to the child.
2. To attract more children for admission to the government school.
3. To retain the optimum levels of literacy among the rural population.
Guidelines for MDMP
1. The meal should be a supplement not substitute to home diet.
2. The meal should be coocked appropriately.
3. The meals should have locally grown.
4. The meal and manu has to be change daily.
Examples of meal in MDMP;
1. Cereals
2. Pulses
3. Grains
4. Millets
5. Green leafy vegetables
6. Optimum levels of oil and fats.
5. Child marriage restraint act, 1929 (CMRA)
In order to prevent the marriage of a "MINOR" (less than 18 years of age).
The government has passed the CMRA, this act pass every state in India. Except; Jammu and Kashmir still stands apart from this act.
In this act the government has given a specific for a boy and girl to get married which is as under;
1. A boy or a male who hasn't complete 21 years of age.
2. A female who has not completed 18 years of age.
Any individual or personnel found guilty under this act will be imprisoned and a fine of certain amount will be imposed on the accused.
6. Child abuse prevention treatment act, 1974
In order to prevent prohibit the child abuse (sexual abuse, physical abuse, mental abuse), the government of India has given the child abuse prevention and prohibition act in 1988 (include investigation, monitoring, management).
Initially the guidelines were passes in 1974 not taking into account the investigative and management protocol.
Finally in 2004, the employment and occupational safety was also ensured to the victims of child abuse.
Objectives of Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act
1. This act was aimed that preventing any type of abuse to among the children.
2. This act aim that providing the appropriate investigations, victim protection, incident reporting and proper management techniques to the victim.
3. This act has authorized the government facilities to all the latest research activities in order to identify and prevent the cases of child abuse.
4. The department of health and welfare has created separated investigatory center by name of NCCAN (national center child abuse and neglect).
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