Principles of Growth and Development
Gessel; founder of clinical child psychology.
1. Development is similar for all
For example, baby learns to stand before walk.
Baby draws circle before square
2. Development proceeds from general to specific
Infants move hands first then learn using fingers.
3. Development is continuous
Child coos, gurgles, make sound first, slowly and gradually learn word then language develops.
4. Development proceeds at different rates
Rapid growth during fetal life and infancy.
Growth slow down during school age.
Growth rapid occurs in puberty and early adolescence.
Growth slow down during adulthood and old age.
5. There is correlation in growth and development
Relation between sexual maturation and patterns of interest behavior.
6. Development comes from maturation and learning
7. There are individual difference
(hereditary and environment)
Size
Shape
Capacity
Development states
8. Early development is more significant than later development
Favourable condition during Infancy.
9. Development proceeds in stages
Prenatal period; conception to birth, neonatal period (0-28 days), infancy (0-1 year), toddler, preschooler (early childhood), school age, adolescence.
10. There are predictable patterns of growth and development (during prenatal and
Two pattern;
1. Cephalocaudal pattern; head to foot
First head region, than in trunk and lastly legs.
2. Proximodistal pattern
Near to far.
From central axis of body towards periphery or extremities.
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