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stridor or noisy breathing

 Stridor

Stridor is high pitched sound heard when child breaths in (inspiration) and also heard during expiration.

Causes by obstruction or narrowing of child's upper airways;

Nose, nasal cavity, mouth, sinuses, larynx, trachea.

Sound of stridor depends on location of obstruction.

Types of stridor

Mostly stridor in children originates from supra-glottic lesion.

1. Inspiratory stridor

Obstruction above vaocal cords (supra-glottic).

2. Expiratory stridor

Obstruction is in distal trachea.

3. Biphasic stridor

Heared both during inspiration and expiration. Originates from glottic, subglottic or proximal tracheal lesion.

Etiology

1. Congenital causes

Laryngomalacia; part of larynx are floppy and collapse.

Subglottic Stenosis (larynx become too narrow below vocal cord).

Subglottic hemangioma (mass consists mostly of blood vessels)

Vascular ring

(Trachea compressed by artery or vein around it.)

2. Infection causes

Croup (swelling in airway)

Epiglottitis (bacterial inflammation of epiglottitis)

Bronchitis (virus/bacteria/ allergen/ inflammation of bronchi 

Severe tonsillitis (round piece of tissue located at throat or behind throat).

Retropharyngeal abscess

3. Traumatic cause

Foreign bodies in ear, nose

Fracture in neck

Swallowing harmful substances 

Diagnostic Evaluation

1. Child medical history/ physical examination

2. Chest and neck X ray

3. Bronchoscopy

4. Pulse oximetery

5. Sputum culture


Management

Depend upon; 

Child's age

Care of condition

ENT evaluation of care

Medication to reduce inflammation of airway

Surgery

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