ureters

 Ureters 

Muscular tube which convey urine from kidneys to urinary bladder.

Each ureters is about 25 cm long, of which upper half (12.5 cm) lies in abdomen and lower half (12.5cm) in pelvis.

3mm in diameter.

Ureters begins within renal sinus funnel shaped, called renal pelvis.

Ureters enters the bladder wall.

Before ureters join wall of urinary bladder, they run obliquely.

They check valve, preventing the backflow of urine from bladder into ureters and also permit flow of urine from ureters into bladder.

Layers of Ureters

1. Tunica mucosa innermost layer

Made up of;

Transitional epithelium

Connective tissue (lamina propria)

2. Tunica muscularis (middle layer)

Inner layer; longitudinal layer

Outer layer; circular layer

Help to move urine into bladder (peristaltic contraction)

3. Tunica adventitia (outermost layer)

Consist of connective tissue that hold ureters in place.

Made up of fibrous tissue

Function of Ureters

1. Convey urine from the kidney to urinary bladder

2. Peristaltic contraction of smooth muscle layer

(Push urine to urinary bladder)

3. Transportation of urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder.