Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Also called nicotinic acid/ pellagra preventive (PP).
Tryptophan is essential amino acid; production of Serotonin, Melatonin, Niacin, Nicotinamide.
60mg of tryptophan
Converted 1mg of Niacin (Nicotinamide).
Nicotinic acid (Niacin) is Pyridin-3- carboxylic acid.
Nicotinamide (Niacin amide); active form of vitamin B3.
Niacin major component of two active coenzyme form of;
a. NAD+ (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
b. NADP+ (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
Coenzyme involved in cellular metabolism.
Function as coenzyme as oxidation- reduction in body.
Essential for metabolism of CHO, fats, proteins.
Function
1. Essential for normal functioning of skin, intestinal tract, nervous system.
2. Nicotinamide is component of 2 coenzyme;
a. NAD+
b. NADH+
Clinical manifestation of vitamin B3 deficiency
1. Pellagra "4"D" characterized by;
Dermatitis
Dementia
Diarrhea
Death
Recommended daily allowance
Infant; 4mg/day
Children; 15mg
Diagnostic Evaluation
1. Serum niacin level
2. Low urine level of N-methylnicotinamide and pyridone.
3. Excretion of N methylnicotinamide and pyridone level less than 1.5mg over 24 hours; indicating severe deficiency.
Management
1. Administration of niacin rich diet
2. Administration of Niacin, orally or injection 50mg IM or IV.
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