Vitamin K

 Vitamin K

Help to make blood clotting factor, act as coenzyme.

Form of vitamin K;

Vitamin K1 (found in plant food)

Vitamin K2 (found in animal food)

Vitamin K2 (synthetic); water soluble

Daily requirement

Adult; 1 microgram (μg) a day of vitamin K for each kilogram of body weight.

Children (1-3); 30mcg/day

Vitamin K also synthesized by intestinal bacteria.

Absorption

Absorbed by enterocytes (cell of intestinal lining) of small intestine.

Causes of vitamin K deficiency

1. Inadequate intake of vitamin K during pregnancy

Cause hemorrhagic disease in Newborn, infant have low level of prothrombin.

2. Reduced intake vitamin K

3. Malabsorption; inadequate absorption

a  Lack of bile in intestine due to defective secretion of bile.

b. Pyloric or intestinal absorption.

4. Decrease production of vitamin K in intestine as in crohn's disease, celiac disease.

Clinical manifestations of deficiency

1. Abnormal bleeding (small cut)

2. Spontaneous nose bleeding

3. Bruises

4. Bleeding gums

5. Blood in urine or stool

Management

1. Dietary intake vitamin K rich food

2. Administration of oral suspension of vitamin K

3. Inject vitamin K; intramuscularly

4. 1mg; IM (infant); prevent HDN (Hemorrhagic disease of Newborn)

Hypervitaminosis K

1. Nausea/ Diarrhea

2. Hemorrhage

3. Heart palpitation