Prenatal Diagnosis
1. CVS (Chorionic Villus Sampling)
Technique for obtaining fetal cells from placenta for prenatal diagnosis.
Usually done transabdominally after 10 weeks of pregnancy.
2. Amniocentesis
Withdrawal of amniotic fluid from amniotic sac surrounding the fetus.
Done between 11-15 weeks is useful for cytogenetic study.
Amniocentesis is used for diagnosis of Down's syndrome, Trisomy 13, Trisomy 18, Fragile X syndrome and anny metabolic disorder.
3. Cordocentesis
Withdrawing blood from umbilical vein under ultrasound guidance.
Helps in prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorder and understanding fetal physiology, development and metabolism.
4. Fetoscopy
Fine endoscope is inserted into uterus for direct visualization of fetus and for obtaining fetal blood sampling.
5. Embryoscopy
Done in first trimester of pregnancy.
Used to diagnose visualize embryo and diagnosis any structural malformations.
Rigid endoscope inserted through cervix into space between amnion and chorion.
6. FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization)
Used to detecting chromosomal abnormalities.
7. Ultrasonography
Visualize fetus in mother's womb.
8. Blood tests
Elevated level of Alpha fetoprotein in maternal blood indicates neural tube defect in baby.
9. Radiography
Used to diagnose anencephaly, hydrocephaly and skeletsl defect.
Fetal X ray done last trimester of pregnancy.
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