Hemophilus Influenzae
It can cause infection ranging from mild to severe in people of all age group.
Hemophilus Influenzae live in upper respiratory tract.
Morphology
Gram -ve coccobacilli, aerobic or facultative anaerobes, small with random arranging, non motile, non acid fast, non sporing.
Size; 1 micrometre X 0.3 micrometre
Pleomorphic
Characteristics
It grows better in aerobic than in anaerobic condition.
Grow at 35-37 degre celcius.
Growth is better if factor V is provided.
Source and mode of Transmission
Transmitted by respiratory droplets.
By direct contact
Ingestion and inhalation
From environment
Haemophilus influenzae is common commensal of upper respiratory tract in humans.
Pathogenesis
It leads to cause bacterial meningitis and other disorder such as;
Primarily disorders;
1. Otitis media
2. Sinusitis
3. Epiglottis
4. Bronchopneumonic
5. Bacteremia
5. Septicemia
Secondary disorders;
Meningitis
Septic arthritis
Cellulitis
Laboratory Diagnosis
Specimen collection
Blood, CSF and synovial fluid.
Gram staining
Gram staining of CSF show Pleomorphic gram -ve coccobacilli.
Capsular staining
Cultural characteristics and culture
Culture on blood agar.
Factor X present in blood essential for growth of pathogen.
Factor V present in many tissue and blood cells.
Biochemical test
It is bile soluble.
Treatment
Ceftriaxone or cefotaxime which are effective for treatment.
Sinusitis and other upper respiratory tract infection are treated with Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole.
Prevention
Active immunization against influenza (Hib).
Vaccine is given to children younger than two years.
Avoiding direct contact with Infected person's.
To prevent disease as contagious and spreads from person to person.
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