Rabies Virus
It is bullet shaped enveloped RNA.
It is family Rhabdoviridae.
Enveloped carries knob like spikes.
Rabies virus was discovered by louis pasture in brain of infected animals.
Disease in human being also called Hydrophobia.
Structure
120-200nm long and cylinderical diameters.
60-80nm the core contains RNA in helical symmetry.
Surface spikes have antigenic properties and made up of glycoprotein.
Source and Modes of Transmission
The infection is transmitted by animal bite (dog, cattle, cats, foxes).
Human commonly infected by dog bites.
Pathogenesis
Infection in human occurs by bite of dog or other animal.
Virus enters from saliva of animal in host wound.
Virus multiplies site of entry and enter in nerve ending and enter spinal cord after that enter in brain, where it multiplies and spread specially in salivary gland.
It multiplies in salivary gland and shed in saliva.
Presence of virus in saliva produce irritability and aggression causes encephalitis.
In human, incubation period 1-3 months.
Bitten on face, head, legs (incubation period 7 days).
In human;
Prodorme
Acute encephalitis phase
(Hydrophobia, unable to swallow, produce chocking, paralysis, difficulty in drinking and thirst).
Coma
Death
Laboratory Diagnosis
Specimen collection
Direct immunofluorescence test
Tissue cell culture
Negri bodies in animal brain
Prophylaxis and treatment
1. After dog bite wound should be cleaned immediately with soap and water.
2. After washing, wound is treated with antiseptic.
3. Don't suture wound
4. Antirabies vaccines
5. Vaccination schedule
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