The process of phagocytosis consist 4 stages;
Stages are;
1. Chemotaxis
Phagocytes reach site of infection, bring attracted by chemotactic substances produced at the site of infection.
2. Attachment
Infective agent gets attached or adhered to membrane of phagocyte.
3. Ingestion
Phagocytes engulf the infective agent/ material into a vacoule (phagosome), the membrane of which fuses with a lysosome in cytoplasm forming phagolysosome.
Lysosome contains hydrolytic enzymes and other bactericidal substance.
4. Intracellular Digestion
Intracellular digestion of engulfed microbes takes place few minutes of phagocytosis by action of hydrolytic enzyme.
The bacterial component are degarded in several hours.
Phagocytic Cell
1. Microphages
Polymorphonuclear leucocytes called polymorphs (neutrophils) contains numerous enzyme and antibacterial substance for killing and degradation of bacteria.
2. Macrophages
These are mononuclear phagocytic cells include; Monocytes.
Present in kuffer cells (in liver), spleen, lymph nodes, thymus.
When macrophages ingest a microorganisms, the phagocytic cell increases it oxygen consumption term as "respirator brust".
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