Pharyngitis
Pharyngitis is inflammation of pharynx.
Pharyngitis refers term sore throat.
Pharynx is portion of throat that lie just beyond back of roof of mouth and stretches to Adam's apple.
Pharyngitis usually occur due to viral or bacterial infection, cold, flue, sinus infection.
Pharyngitis mostly occurs with viral upper respiratory airways.
Types of Pharyngitis
1. Acute Pharyngitis
Acute pharyngitis caused by viral infection. Painful inflammation of pharynx in throat region.
Types of Acute Pharyngitis
1. Non-exudative pharyngitis
Group A streptococci may cause non-exudative pharyngitis.
2. Exudative pharyngitis/ purulent pharyngitis
Group A streptococci, Group C and G Beta haemolytic streptococci can cause exudative pharyngitis.
3. Ulcerative pharyngitis
Herpes virus are most common cause of ulcerative pharyngitis.
2. Chronic Pharyngitis
Chronic pharyngitis is persistent sore throat.
Etiology
1. Bacterial pharyngitis
Streptococcus
Corynebacterium diphtheria
Neisseria gonorrhoea
Chlamydophilia pneumoniae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
2. Viral pharyngitis
Rhinovirus
Coronavirus
Respiratory syncytial virus
Parainfluenza virus
Adenovirus
Herpes simplex virus
Measles
Epstein -barr virus
Cytomegalovirus
3. Fungal infection
Oral thrush due to candida albicans, usually occurs in immunocompromised.
Whitish plaque in oropharynx.
Clinical Manifestations
1. Sore throat
2. Fever
3. Itching in roof of mouth
4. Headache
5. Difficulty speaking or swallowing
6. Pain in swallowing
7. Tender neck lymph glands
8. Breathing diffulty
Diagnostic Evaluation
1. Throat swab culture
2. CT scan
To reveals abscess, infection.
Management
1. Antibiotics
Effective in bacterial infection, not in viral infection.
Amoxicillin
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
2. Corticosteroids
Dexamethasone
3. Antifungal
Nystatin
Fluconazole
4. Pain medication
Acetaminophen
5. Increased fluid intake
6. Gargle with warm salt water
Prevention
1. Avoid personal contact
2. Avoid sharing personal objects
3. Wash hand frequently
4. While sneezing cover mouth and nose and dispose the tissue
5. Avoid the irritants
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