Diagnosis of Pregnancy in First Trimester
1. First trimester (0-3 months)
First 14 weeks - 28 weeks
1. Subjective symptoms
2. Objective symptoms
1. Subjective symptoms
a. Amenorrhea
b. Morning sickness/nausea and vomiting
Due to rise in hCG (Human chorionic gonadotropin)
c. Frequency of micturition (8-12th week)
d. Breast discomfort (6-8 weeks)
Breast pain, feeling of fullness, pricking sensation, breast vein prominent, primary areola, pigmentation around primary areola called secondary areola.
e. Fatigue and lethargy
2. Pelvic changes
1. Jacquemier's or Chadwick's sign (8th week)
Bluish discoloration of anterior vaginal wall.
2. Vaginal sign
Bluish discoloration of skin.
3. Osiander's sign
Feeling of pulsation in vagina.
4. Cervical sign
1. Goodell's sign (6th week)
Softening of cervix like lip of mouth.
In non-pregnant woman-like tip of nose.
2. Uteine sign
a. Piskacek's sign
Shape of uterus change.
Enlarged size
Pyriform in non-pregnant woman.
Globular in pregnant women by 12 weeks.
b. Hegar's sign (6-10 weeks)
Upper segment of body of uterus enlarged by growing fetus, and low segment empty.
c. Palmer's sign (4-8 week)
Regular and rhythmic uterus contraction (Bimanual examination).
d. Enlarge, shape, size of uterus
3. Breast changes
1. Enlargement of breast (6-8 weeks)
2. Growth of breast
3. Enlargement with vascular engorgement
4. Vein prominent and increase vascularity
5. Primary areola more pigmented. Nipple and areola (primary) become pigmented.
Appearance of secondary areola.
6. Montgomery's tubercles are prominent (hypertrophy of sebaceous gland).
7. Colostrum
Watery type secretion when mother manually expressed (12-16 weeks).
Detection of antigen (hCG) present in maternal urine or serum with antibody.
Diagnosis of pregnancy by detecting in hCG in maternal serum or urine made by 7 days after conception.
Ultrasonography; Intra decidual gestational sac (GS) identified early 29-35 days of gestation.
Fetal pole and cardiac activity; 6 week
0 Comments