Placental Surface
1. Fetal surface
2. Maternal surface
Fetal surface
Fetal surface covered by smooth and transparent glistening amnion or amniotic membrane with umbilical cord attached at or near the center.
Branches of umbilical vessel visible beneath the amnion.
Radiate from insertion of cord.
Maternal Surface
Maternal surface are rough and spongy, dull red colour.
Irrigular, divided into convex area, 15-20 lobes or cotyledons (bulging villus area) separated by fissures by decidual septum.
Small greyish spots due to calcium deposition; no clinical significance.
Only decidua basalis and blood and blood in intervillous space are maternal origin.
Their surface covered by shreds of decidua basalis from uterine wall.
After birth placenta is always inspected for missing cotyledons.
Cotyledons remaining attached to uterine wall after birth causing severe bleeding.
Peripheral Margin of Placenta
Peripheral margin is by fused basal and chorionic plate.
Outer most layer of placenta is chorion, comes into contact with endometrium.
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