Golgi Apparatus - Definition, Structure, Functions, Cis and Trans Face

Golgi Apparatus or Golgi Body or Golgi Complex

 

Golgi Apparatus is also known as Golgi body or Golgi complex or Dictyosomes, is a membrane-bound organelle of eukaryotic cells. It is made up of a series of flattened, stacked sacs or pouches called cisternae.

Most of the proteins synthesized by ribosomes attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum are ultimately transported to Golgi Apparatus and exported to targeted destinations.

Dictyosomes are net-like flat, membrane-bound cavity structures called cisternae which constitute the Golgi apparatus. The sacs or folds of the golgi complex are called cisternae. It consist of 4 to 6 golgi cisternae.

 

The first step in the transport pathway is through organelles called the golgi citernae.

Golgi complex is also involved in the transport of lipids around the cell and is considered a site for export and the creation of lysosomes.

 

 

Structure of Golgi Apparatus

 

 

Cis face of Golgi body is the receiving face of Golgi body. In which the vesicles or substances enter from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for processing and empty their materials.

Whereas, the trans face of Golgi body is the exiting face of the Golgi body from which the vesicles are detached from the Golgi body.

 

Also, check out here structure of mitochondria.

 

Functions of Golgi Complex

 

The key function includes –

 

1. A major function of Golgi body is the modifying, sorting, and packaging of protein for secretion and transport protein received from the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

2. Forms secretory vesicles i.e discharge process, protein via exocytosis (the process of moving materials from within a cell to the exterior of the cell).

 

 

Ribosome - Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - Transport Vesicles - Golgi Complex - Secretory vesicles - Exocytosis

 

 

3. Lysosomes are generated by the golgi apparatus. It is spherical, membrane-bound organelles, contain hydrolytic enzymes.

 

4. The nascent (formed by ribosome before it folds into its active shape) proteins are transferred from RER to the golgi apparatus temporarily for processing and modification.

 

5.  The golgi apparatus are the secretory organelles and export modified proteins to various destinations.

 

6. Secretory vesicle formed into the cytoplasm during exocytosis, endocytosis, and transport material with the plasma membrane.