Medical Terms - E

1. Ecchymoses - Skin discoloration results from blood or bleeding underneath the skin (larger subcutaneous bleeding) due to any kind of trauma, usually larger than 1 cm. Typically it appears black and blue at first, colour changes as with healing progress.

Small, pinpoint, round spots that appear on the skin as a result of bleeding are known as petechiae, it appears red, brown, or purple.

2. Ectasia- Abnormal dilation or distention of a tubular structure or ducts, for example, lymphangiectasia- dilation of lymphatics, Duct ectasia - milk duct in the breast widens.

3. Ectopics-  Normal organ or tissue in an abnormal place or position means something that is in an odd place or position.

In the case of an ectopic beat, irregular heartbeat condition due to an early, skipped, or extra heartbeat. It happens because of a problem in the heart's electrical conduction system.

4. Effusion- Refers to too much accumulation of fluid in an anatomic space is due to the leaking of fluid out of blood vessels collection of fluid in a cavity or space.

For example, a pleural effusion is a build-up of excess fluid or abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest cavity.

Knee effusion is an excess amount of synovial fluid accumulates in or around the knee joint.

5. Embolus/Emboli - Unattached mass of blood clots that travel through the bloodstream and is capable of creating obstruction a blood 'vessel. When an embolus occludes inside the blood vessel, it is called an embolism or embolic event.

Fluid example; gas

Fat, or solid example; thrombus mass circulating blood.

 

6. Emphysema – “Abnormal air-filled cavities”, in which air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) become damaged. Withtime, the inner walls of the air sacs get weaken and rupture that creating enlargement of air spaces instead of many small ones.

For example, Emphysema of lung; this condition that causes shortness of breath.

7. Empyema- “Defined as Pre-existing cavities filled with pus”

 

For example, purulent pleuritis; collection of pus in the space between the lung and the inner surface of the chest wall (pleural space)

Gallbladder empyema; severe complication of acute cholecystitis

(inflammation of the gallbladder ) , the presence of bacteria-containing bile may progress to suppurative (Inflammation accompanied by pus formation )  infection in which the gallbladder fills with purulent (pus) material,

8. Euploid cell  - Euploidy cell has a multiple of the haploid number of chromosomes. For example, diploid (2n) 46 number of chromosomes, triploid (3n), and tetraploid (4n) nuclei or cells are all euploid.

A cell that have any number of complete chromosome sets is called a euploid cell.

9. Endocrine- Endocrine glands are ductless glands. They release the substances that they make (hormones) directly into the bloodstream, not to any tubes or ducts.

For example, Adrenal glands 

10. Endophytic- Tumour growing inwards into tissues in finger-like projections from a surface. (Contrast with exophytic; abnormal growth of lesions arising from the outer surface of the organ).

11. Endotoxin - Endotoxin is a toxin found in the outer cell wall of Gram negative bacteria on death of bacteria. (contrast with exotoxin; a toxin secreted by a living bacterial cell into its surroundings.)

 

12. Epithelioid - Macrophages resembling epithelium typically seen in granuloma (chronic inflammation) mainly associated with intense immunological activity.

13. Eponym - Name derived from a person for whom association with a place or person discovery or other thing is defined as named.

For example - Cushing’s disease

 

14. Erosion- Loss of superficial layer of a surface. For example, gastric erosion.

15. Erythema- Abnormal redness of skin, type of skin rash caused by increased blood flow or injured or inflamed blood capillaries.

 

16. Exon - An exon is the portion of a gene that coding for amino acids or protein product means parts of the gene sequence that are expressed in the protein are called exons. (Contrast with intron; Intron is a portion of a gene that does not code for amino acids) means parts of the gene sequence that are not expressed in the protein are called introns.

17.  Extrinsic - External or outside to the body. For example, (contrast with intrinsic; internal or inside to the body).

18. Exudate -  Exudate is fluid that leaks out of blood vessels into the surrounding tissues due to inflammation or local cellular damage. (Transudate-  Accumulation of fluid in tissues outside the blood vessels. Fluid build-up caused by systemic conditions that increase the pressure in blood vessels, causing fluid to leave the vessel wall or to a low level of protein in blood serum.