IV Catheter or IV Cannulation or IV Cannula
IV cannulation (IV catheter) is the process in which the cannula is inserted into a vein to provide venous access for delivering medication.
IV cannulation is a technique by which a cannula is
placed inside a vein to provide venous access.
There are different types of IV
cannula that are color-coded to define according to size and their usage.
Venous access allows administration of fluids, medications, parenteral
nutrition, chemotherapy, blood transfusion, and sampling of blood.
Know here what are parts of cannula?
The common preferred site of IV cannulisation is Median antecubital, cephalic, and basilic veins.
Types of IV Catheter
There are mainly three types of the cannula-
1. Peripheral Vein Catheter (PVC)
2. Central Venous Catheter (CVC)
3. Midline IV Catheters
1. Peripheral Vein Catheter (PVC)
Peripheral vein catheter (PVC) is the most
commonly used IV cannula.
PVC or peripheral venous line is most commonly used as an intravenous device in hospitalized patients, usually used for surgical patients
and emergency room.
PVC is a thin, flexible tube inserted into a vein, it is usually
inserted into the lower part of the arm or the back of the hand.
The most common site for insertion of an IV catheter is the
veins in the arm (peripheral veins).
Use of Peripheral Vein Catheter
PVC is primarily used for therapeutic purposes, It is used
to administer intravenous fluids, blood transfusions, chemotherapy, and
other drugs as well as blood sampling.
Check out
here 3 methods
of blood collection for collecting a specimen sample.
2. Central Venous Catheter (CVC)
Central
line or Central Venous Catheter is used when a
patient has required longer treatment.
CVC IV catheter inserted into a larger vein, usually one
near the shoulder (subclavian vein) or neck (jugular vein).
Central Venous Catheter extends into the tip of the heart
(superior vena cave). A patient can get fluids, medicine, blood, or nutrition
through a central line. This also can be used to draw blood.
It allows more direct and faster access to the bloodstream
in the administration of medication.
Types of Central Venous Catheter (CVC)
Types of CVC are-
1. Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) Line
PICC line is a long, thin tube that's inserted through a
vein in your arm and passed through to the larger veins near your heart.
Long-term central vein catheters can also be placed into the large vein in the front of the
elbow, then extends up into the superior vena cava.
Long-term central vein catheters is referred to as Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter
(PICC), generally used to administer medications or liquid nutrition.
2. Tunneled Catheter
A tunneled
catheter is a thin tube that is placed under the skin in a vein, allowing
long-term access to the vein.
It is a common site to place in the neck (internal jugular vein) or chest (subclavian
vein) and may also be placed in the groin (femoral vein).
One end of the catheter is inserted into a vein in the neck
or chest. Rest catheter is tunneled through the body and other end coming out
through the skin.
Use of Tunneled Catheter
With a tunneled catheter, medication can be sent directly
into blood vessels in the heart.
3. Implanted Port
An implanted port is a device placed completely beneath the
skin. This device inserts a catheter
into a vein in the neck or chest.
The Healthcare provider injects medication through the skin into
the implanted port, which sends the medication into the bloodstream.
Use of Implanted port
Use implanted ports to give IV treatments and blood
transfusions directly into a vein. The implanted port also allows easy access to a
vein for blood draws; venipuncture.
3. Midline IV Catheters
The midline catheter or long peripheral catheter is an IV
catheter placed into a peripheral vein.
A midline IV catheter is used for intravenous treatments for
prolonged therapies.
Midline IV line are usually inserted in an upper arm vein,
such as the brachial vein or cephalic vein.
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