Mature connective tissue is divided into-
1. Connective Tissue Proper, and
2. Specialized Connective Tissue
Check out here types of
connective tissue proper.
Specialized Connective Tissue
Specialised connective tissue includes; Cartilage, Bone, and Blood.
1. Cartilage
Cartilage is a non-vascular type of supporting connective tissue that provides support and aids the movement of joints. It is
composed of collagen fibres and elastic fibres.
Cartilage is resilient and smooth elastic tissue; rubber-like
padding that covers and protects ends of long bone and joint.
A cell of mature cartilage is called a chondrocyte. The surface of the cartilage is surrounded by a membrane of dense irregular connective tissue
called perichondrium.
Cartilage has no blood vessels or nerves except for those in the perichondrium.
Types of Cartilage
Cartilages are three types-
1. Hyaline cartilage
2. Fibro cartilage
3. Elastic cartilage
1. Hyaline Cartilage
Hyaline cartilage is smooth bluish-white tissue. It is
composed of a network of collagen fibres with many spaces filled with ground
substances.
Hyaline
cartilage has perichondrium.
Hyaline cartilage provides flexibility, support and a smooth
surface for movement at joints.
Location
1. Trachea, larynx, bronchi, nose
2. Articular cartilage at ends of long bones
3. Embryonic skeleton
4. Forming costal cartilage, which attaches ribs to the sternum.
Function
1. Forms major part of embryo skeleton
2. Aids free movement of joint
3. Reduces friction and absorb shock
4. Provide flexibility and support
5. Assists growth of long bones
6. Allow ribcage to move during breathing
2. Fibrocartilage
Fibrocartilage consists of dense masses of white collagen
fibre. It usually merges with hyaline cartilage or fibrous connective tissue.
Fibrocartilage has no sheath; it never has perichondrium.
It is tough, slightly flexible, supporting tissue.
Location
1. Pads between bodies of vertebrae
2. Intervertebral disc
3. Between articulating surface of the bone of knee joint
4. On the rim of bony sockets of hip and shoulder joint.
5. Some areas where tendons, ligaments insert into ends of
long bones.
6. Wrist joint
7. Jaw joint
Function
1. Provide support and protection
2. Shock absorbing in joint
3. Provide strength and resist tension
4. Connect structure subjected to great pressure
3. Elastic Cartilage or Yellow Cartilage
Elastic cartilage is flexible tissue consisting of yellow
elastic fibres. It has chondrocytes, that lie between fibres.
Elastic or
yellow cartilage contains elastic fibers networks and collagen fibers. It is more flexible and elastic than hyaline cartilage.
Elastic cartilage enclosed within a perichondrial sheath.
It provides
support, strength, elasticity and maintains shape.
Location
1. External ear; pinna or lobe of the ear
2. Epiglottis and some blood vessel wall
3. Auditory tube of the middle ear
Function
1. Gives support and maintains shape
2. Provide flexibility, elasticity and strength
2. Bone
Bone is hard connective tissue that consists of living cells
and a mineralized matrix.
Bone cells (osteocytes) are surrounded by a matrix of collagen
fibres strengthened by inorganic salt, especially calcium and phosphate.
It provides bone with its characteristic strength and
rigidity.
Types of Bone
1. Compact bone, solid and dense appearance
2. Spongy or cancellous bone, spongy appearance
Function
Provides shape, support for the body, and protection.
1. Provide a structured framework
2. Provide attachment to tendon
3. Provide protection, for example; the skull protects the brain,
eye, ear
4. Vertebrae protect the spinal cord
5. Thorax protect lung, heart, blood vessel
6. Pelvis and spine protect the digestive and urogenital organs.
3. Blood
Blood is connective tissue has liquid matrix called plasma;
suspended in plasma are called a formed element. Blood has lack the fibre
component.
Get details here what are the types of
tissue in a human body? And what is function
of tissue?
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