Neural Tube Defect (NTD)
Neural tube defect occurs when neural tube doesnot close properly, this leaves opening in neural tube.
NTDs occur due to defective embryological development or genetic abnormalities.
NTDs is birth defect of brain and spinal cord.
According to location NTDs are-
1. Anencephaly
Absence of cranial vault, underdeveloped brain and incomplete skull.
2. Iniencephely
Occipital skull and spinal defect, resulting in extreme retroflexion of head.
3. Cranioschisis
Cranial vault fails to form and brain tissue are exposed.
4. Exanencephaly
Protusion of brain and meninges out of skull.
5. Encephalocele
Protusion of brain and meninges into fluid filled sac through skull defect.
6. Rachischisis
Meninges and spinal cord exposed through fissure in vertebral column.
Neutral Tube Defect Classification
1. NTDs Brain Defect
Anencephaly
Encephalocele
2.NTDs Spinal Cord Defect
Spina Bifida
a. Spina Bifida Occulta
b. Spina Bifida Cystica
1. Meningocele
2. Meningomyelocele/ myelomeningocele
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