Vagina or birth canal

Vagina or Birth canal

Internal genital organs in female, located in pelvis.

Vagina is fibromuscular tube lined with moist stratified squamous epithelium.

Vagina connect to cervix and uterus.

Location

Vagina extends from vulva to uterus.

Vagina is site where semen from penis is deposited during sexual Intercourse.

Vagina is channels for menstrual cycle, and birth canal for baby during childbirth.

Size; 8-10cm long

Structure

Wall of vagina composed of smooth muscle and fibroelastic connective tissue.

Layers of vagina;

1. Outer fibrous layer

Outer covering of areloar tissue.

2. Middle muscularis layer

Middle layer of smooth muscle which consists of outer longitudinal and inner circular layer.

Important for delivery of fetus and placenta.

3. Inner mucosal layer

Inner lining of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Epithelium lines the vagina and also cervix of uterus.

Mucus membrane of vagina contains many rugae that stretch 

Vaginal Orifice and Hymen

Vaginal orifice covered by thin mucus membrane called hymen.

Fornices (arc) of vagina

1. Anterior fornices

Lie front of cervix.

2. Posterior fornices

Lie behind of cervix.

3. Lateral fornices

Lie one on each side of cervix.

Functions of Vagina

1. Receive semen during sexual Intercourse.

2. Pathway for baby during childbirth.

3. Provides route for menstrual blood (menses) from uterus.

4. Holds birth control, such as diaphragm or female condom.