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total parenteral nutrition

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) delivered intravenously route. It is method of supplying all daily nutritional requirements.

The requirement of TPN occurs when certain conditions impair ability to process food and absorb nutrients through digestive tract, or when need to avoid using digestive system for heal.

Purpose of TPN

1. TPN administration prevent from nutritional deficiency and restore nutritional deficits.
2. Allowing bowel rest and supplying adequate caloric intake and essential nutrients.
3. Removing antigenic mucosal stimuli.
4. Medication used with TPN and feed vital nutrients.


Total Parenteral Nutritional Includes;

Examples of total parenteral nutrition solutions;
Amino acids
Dextrose
Lipids
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Mg2+
Cl-
Trace elements
Vitamins

Clinicians can adjust TPN composition to fulfill individual patients' needs.

TPN administered through IV line using an electronic infusion device (IV pump), and special IV filter tubing (TPN infusion set) for the amino acids and lipid emulsion to reduce the risk of particles entering the patient. 

It is important to keep document of all the fluids infusing (IV fluids, IV medications, and TPN solution) to avoid fluid overload.



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