Immunoglobulins (Antibody)
Immunoglobulin is made up of two identical heavy and light chain.
Heavy (H) chains are long and Light (L) chains are soft.
Both type of chains are made up of polypeptide.
Two heavy chain are held together by disulfide (s-s) bonds.
Each light chain is attached to heavy chain by s-s bond.
H chains are structurally and antigenically in different classes of antibodies.
There are five different classes of antibodies according to five types of heavy chain such as;
1. IgG (Gamma Y heavy chain)
Main antibody of secondary response.
Cross placenta.
2. IgA (Alpha Heavy chain)
Secreted into colostrum, mucus, saliva etc.
3. IgM (Mu heavy chain)
B cell receptor, Main antibody of primary response.
4. IgD (Delta heavy chain)
B cell receptor
5. IgE (Epsilon heavy chain)
Antibody of allergic and antiparasitic activity.
L chains are same in all classes of antibodies.
Both L and H chains consist of two regions;
1. Variable regions (v)
2. Constant region (c)
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