Perforated Eardrum
Tympanic membrane is referred as eardrum.
Perforated eardrum is repture or perforation (hole) of eardrum.
Tympanic membrane function is receives vibration from outer ear and transmit to ossicles.
Eardrum protect the middle ear and inner ear from outside. Due to thin eardrum gets easily reptured or punctured.
Hole exposed middle and inner ear to damage or infection.
Perforation of eardrum results conductive hearing loss.
Risk Factors and Causes
1. Foreign objects; sharp and pointed object
2. Middle ear infection; bacteria, viruses or fungi. Infection caused pressure on eardrum and it gets stretched.
3. Trauma; blunt or penetrating trauma
4. Rapid changes in atmospheric pressure; pressure causes repture or damage in middle and inner ear.
Clinical Manifestations
1. Pain; intense pain
2. Hearing loss
3. Vertigo (spinning sensation)
4. Fullness of ear
5. Blood-tinged discharge from ear
6. Disorientation
7. Buzzing, ringing
Diagnostic Evaluation
1. Tympanogram; how eardrum moves or working against aur.
2. Audiogram; hearing test
Management
1. Prevention infection of middle ear and eustachian tube.
2. Ear irrigation solution such as otic boric acid/alcohol, clear debris of treat infection.
3. Keep the ear clean and dry.
4. Analgesic given; acetaminophen
Surgical Management
1.Tympanoplasty
Place graft to restore damage tympanic membrane.
Repair of perforated eardrum.
Types of Tympanoplasty
a. Type l
Surgical repair of the tympanic membrane only. No middle ear abnormality.
b. Type ll
Surgical repair of the tympanic membrane and minor middle ear defective.
Tympanic membrane grafted onto incus.
c Type lll
Repair of the Tympanic membrane onto stapes head.
d.Type lV
Tympanic membrane is grafted to the stapes footplate.
2. Myringoplasty
Myringoplasty is close the hole (perforation) in the eardrum.
3. Ossiculoplasty
Surgical ossicular reconstruction called ossiculoplasty.
Surgical reconstruction of middle ear (ossicular chain) which are damaged or destroyed.
Prevention
1. Prevent infection of middle ear.
2. Avoid flying or underwater diving
3. Keep dry and clean ear
4. Never put any object into ear
5. Wear proper ear protection such as ear plug
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