Trachoma

 Trachoma

Trachoma refers rough eye. 

Trachoma is infectious eye disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, roughening of inner surface of eyelids.

It causes chronic keratoconjunctivitis (inflammation of cornea and conjunctiva).

Classification of Trachoma

1. Stage l

Formation of papillae and immature follicle.

2. Stage ll

Presence of mature follicle and trachomatous pannus.

3. Stage lll

Conjunctival scarring and herbert's pits.

Herbert's pits are follicle like infiltration near limbus.

4. Stage lV 

Complication occurs, Entropion of upper eyelid, trichiasis, chalazion formation and corneal opacity.

According to WHO Classification

1. Trachomatous inflammation follicular (follicular trachoma)

Presence of 5 or more small follicles (contain lymphocyte) visible in inner surface of upper eyelid.

2. Trachomatous inflammation Intense

Papillary hypertrophy, thickening and swelling o upper eyelid.

3. Trachomatous scarring (eyelid scarring)

Scarring in inner eyelid, eyelid distorted and turn in (entropion)

4. Trachomatous trichiasis

Eyelashes grow inward toward eye.

Scarring inner lining of eyelid causing lashes to turn in, rub on and scratch outer surface of cornea.

5. Corneal opacity (Clouding)

Inflammation commonly upper eyelid continuous inflammation scratching from in turned lashes lead to clouding of corona.

Clinical Manifestations

1. Cloudy cornea

2. Pink eye

3. Discharge from eye containing mucus pus

4. Swelling of lymph node just in front of ears

5. Swollen eyelids

6. Itching and Irritation of eye

7. Turned-in eyelashes

8. Photophobia

9. Blurred vision

10. Eye pain

11. Rough eye