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Vital Signs or Cardinal Signs -TPR And Blood Pressure

What are Vital Signs?

 

Vital signs are the basic indicator of the client's physiological status or health status. Vital signs are a basic component of the assessment of the physiological health status of a client. 


The vital signs are also termed "cardinal signs" (TPR and BP).


Vital signs are measurements of the body’s basic functions. Vital signs include body temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate, and blood pressure, abbreviated as BT, BP, HR, and RR. These are the indicator of the health status of a client.

If any kind of abnormality occurs in the body, vital signs change immediately.

 


Types of Vital Signs

 

There are four main vital signs -

 

1. Body Temperature

 

Read here normal temperatures for adults and sites to measure temperatures.

 

2. Pulse Rate (heart rate) 


Know the normal pulse rate by age.


3. Respiratory Rate (Breathing Rate)


Check here normal respiratory rate by age.

 

4. Blood Pressure (BP)


Know the blood pressure range in adults.

 

 

Other Important Vital Signs-

 

1. Pain


Measured on a 0-10 pain scale.


2. Oxygen saturation


Measured by pulse oximetry.



Temperature, Pulse, Respiration and Blood Pressure





Purpose of Assessing Vital Signs

 

Vital signs are an objective measurement, useful for-

 

1. Determine the change in client status

 

2. Recognize variation from normal

 

3. Identify the specific life-threatening condition

 

4. Detect changes in client health status

 

5. Help in the diagnosis of disease, in response to treatment

 

6. Measurement for the essential physiological functions

 

7. Obtain baseline data about the patient condition

 

8. Baseline on admission to a hospital

 

9. Diagnostic purpose

 

10. Therapeutic purpose

 

 

Normal Vital Signs Values in Adults

 

 

 

Body temperature - 98.6°F or 37°C

 

Pulse rate - 72 beats/minute in Adult

 

Respiration rate (rate of breathing) - 16 breaths/minute in Adult

 

Blood pressure - 120/80 mm of Hg

 

 

 

When to take Vital Signs

 


1. On admission of the patient.

 

2. According to the physician's order.

 

3.  According to clinical standard of practice or Hospital policy.

 

4. Before surgery and after surgery or any invasive diagnostic procedure.

 

5. Before and after administration of medication or therapy that affect cardiovascular, respiratory, and temperature control function.

 

6. When the client's general physical condition changes for example when LOC (Loss of consciousness), pain occurs.

 

7. Assessing the client during home health visits.

 

8. Before, after, and during nursing interventions that influence vital signs.









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