What is Centrosome and Centriole?
Centrosomes and Centriole, both are necessary for cell
division, for cells to divide into two new identical daughter cells.
Centrosome
Centrosomeis an organelle found in the cytoplasm near to nucleus. It contains a pair of centrioles embedded in
a pericentriolar material (PCM, pericentriolar matrix ).
A centrosome is a major
microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) in the animal cell and also a regulator of
cell-cycle sequence and progression.
Centrosome consists of two
cylindrical structures called centriole. It is made up of microtubules
and microtubules are composed of a protein called, tubulin.
Tubulins are used for the growth and development of the
mitotic spindle during cell division and the formation of microtubules in the non-dividing cell.
Centrosome helps in regulating the movement of
microtubules and cytoskeletal
structures of cells.
Centrioles
A centrosome is made up of two centrioles and centrioles are made up of nine sets of
short microtubule triplets, organized in a cylinder shape.
Centrioles are surrounded by the pericentriolar material
(PCM). It contains hundreds of ring-shaped complexes consisting of protein tubules.
The centrosome involves in the structure
of the cell and centrioles play an important role in organizing microtubules.
It helps in determining the locations of the nucleus and other organelles
within the cell.
Centriole helps the cell during cell division; in process of
mitosis
and meiosis.
Centrosome duplicates before cell division, then division begins, the two centrosomes move to opposite ends of the
cell. Microtubules assemble into a spindle between the two centrosomes
(resemble like rays) and help separate the replicated chromosomes into the
new daughter cells. Centriole can self replicate during cell division.
Functions of Centrosome and Centriole
Following are the important functions of
centrosome and centriole-
1. Centrosome
regulates the movement of microtubules within cells and cytoskeletal
structures.
2. It organizes the
microtubules and provides a structure to the cell.
3. Centrioles are
capable of forming new centrioles, it can elf replicate during cell division.
4. The centrioles help
during cell
division, in the formation of the spindle fibers that separate the
chromosomes during cell division (in process of mitosis and meiosis).
5. Centriole aids in
organizing the mitotic spindle and completing the process of cytokinesis.
6. Apart from the
cell division, Centriole can be transformed into basal bodies, give rise to the
formation of flagella
and cilia and contribute to cell movement.
7. Out of the two
centrioles, the distal centriole forms the tail, or gives rise to axial
filament for the tail.
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