Chain Of infection/ Portal of Entry and Exit of microorganism
To cause any infection, pathogen must enter the body through certain pathway or routes called portal of entry.
The pathogen exit from the body of infected person or carrier through certain routes or pathways called portal of exit.
Susceptible host
1. Clients
2. Service provider
3. Ancillary staff
4. Community member
Causative Agent
1. Bacteria
2. Fungi
3. Parasite
4. Viruses
5. Infectious agents
Reservoir
1. People
2. Water
3. Instrument
4. Equipment
5. Soil
6. Air
7. Animal
Portal of Exit
1. Nose and throat secretion
2. Faces
3. Urine
4. Skin; dead skin, scales
5. Genital secretions
6. Through blood
7. Eye secretion
Mode of Transmission
1. Contact
2. Droplet
3. Vector borne
4. Vehicle borne
Portal of Entry
1. Broken skin
2. Puncture wound
3. Surgical site
4. Mucus membrane
5. Respiratory tract
6. Blood/open lesion
7. Inoculation
8. Alimentary tract
9. Urogenital tract
Portal of Entry of Microorganisms
1. Alimentary tract
Typhoid
Cholera
Food poisioning
Bacillary dysentery
Amoebic dysentery
2. Respiratory tract
Diphtheria
Tuberculosis
Pneumonia
3. Urogenital tract
Gonorrhoea
Syphilis
4. Inoculation
Malaria
Plague
Epidemic typhus
Portal of Exit of Microorganism
1. Faeces
Cholera
Dysentery
Typhoid, amoebic dysentery
Poliomyelitis
2. Urine
Typhoid
Tuberculosis
3. Sputum/ Saliva
Rabies, tuberculosis
Pneumonia, Whooping cough
4. Nose and throat secretion
Whooping cough
Diphtheria
5. Blood
Malaria
6. Eye secretion
Trachoma
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