Drugs in Neurology
Anesthetic Drugs
classification of Anesthetic drug
1. Inhalation drug
2. Intravenous drug
1. Inhalation Drug
a. Gas
Nitrous oxide
Cyclopropane
b. Volatile liquid
Ether
Halothane
Enflurane
Isoflurane
Sevoflurane
2. Intravenous or other agents
1. Inducing agent
Thiopentone sodium
Methohexitone
Propofol
2. Slower acting agents
a. Benzodiazepines
Diazepam
Lorazepam
Midazolam
b. Dissociative anesthesia
Ketamine
c. Opioids analgesic
Fentanyl
2. Sediative and hypnotics
Sediative are antianxiety drug or anxiolytics
Classification
1. Benzodiazepines
a. Long-acting (24-48 hrs)
Diazepam
Clonazepam
Clobazam
b. Short-acting (12-24 hrs)
Oxazepam
Nitrazepam
Alprazolam
c. Ultra short acting (less than 6 hrs)
Midazolam
Triazolam
2. Newer agents
a. Melatonin
Ramelteon
b. Z-hypnotics (Z- drug)
Zolpidem
Zopiclone
Zeleplon
c. Barbiturates
Phenobarbital
Mephobarbital
Hexobarbital
3. Tranquilizer
Major Tranquilizer/ Antipsychotic drugs/ Neuroleptic drug
Minor Tranquilizer/ antianxiety drugs
Antipsychotic drugs
Classification of Antipsychotic drugs
1. Classical/ Typical neuroleptic
a. Phenothiazines
Chlorpromazine
Triflupromazine
Thioridazine
Mesoridazine
Trifluoperozine
Fluphenozine
b. Butyrophenones
Haloperidol
Droperidol
Trifluperidol
Penfluridol
c. Thioxanthenes
Thiothixene
Chlorprothixene
Flupenthixol
2. Atypical neuroleptic drugs
Clozapine
Olanzapine
Risperidon
Ziprasidone
Quetiapine
Zotepine
3. Miscellaneous drug
Reserpine
Loxapine
Pimozide
4. Minor Tranquilizer/ antianxiety/ anxiolytic drug
Classification of antianxiety drug
1. Benzodiazepines (BDZ)
a. Long- acting (24-48 hrs)
Diazepam
Clonazepam
Flurazepam
Chlorazepate
Chlordiazepoxide
b. Short-acting (12- 24 hrs)
Lorazepam
Oxazepam
Alprazolam
Nitrazepam
Halazepam
Temazepam
c. Ultra short acting
Midazolam
Triazolam
2. 5-HT agonist - antagonists
Buspirone
Gepirone
Ipsapirone
3. Beta-blockers
Propranolol
5. Antidepressants drugs
Classification of antidepressants drug
1. TCA (tricycle antidepressant)
2. SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)
3. MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors)
4. Atypical antidepressants
1. TCA (tricycle antidepressant)
Imipramine
Desipramine
Clomipramine
Amitriptyline
Nortriptyline
Trimipramine
2. SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)
Fluoxetine
Fluoxamine
Paroxetin
Citaloparam
Sertraline
3. MAO (monoamine oxidase Inhibitors)
Phenelzine
Isocarboxazid
Moclobemide
Tranylcypromine
Selegiline
4. Atypical antidepressants
Trazodone
Nefazodone
Venlafaxine
Mianserine
Mirtazapine
Reboxetine
7. Mood Stabilizers/antimanic drugs (bipolar mood disorder)
1. Lithium
Lithium citrate
Lithium carbonate
2. Anti epileptic drug/ anticonvulsant drug / antiseizure drug
Carbamazepine
Valproic acid
Sodium valporate
Gabapentin
Lamotrigine
3. Antipsychotic drug
a. Typical Antipsychotic drug
b. Atypical Antipsychotic drug
8. Antiepileptic drug/ Anti convulsant drug/ antiseizure drug
Classification of anticonvulsant drug
1. Narrow Spectrum
Phenytoin
Phenobarbitone
Carbamazepine
Gabapentin
Primidine
2. Broad spectrum
Ethosuximide
Valporic acid
Benzodiazepines; clonazepam, diazepam, clobazam
9. CNS Stimulants
1. Respiratory stimulants
Doxapram
Nikethamide
2. Psychomotor stimulants
a. Methylxanthines; cocaine, theophylline, theobromine
b. Amphetamine
Dextroamphetamine
10. Muscle relaxants
Classification of muscle relaxants
1. Drugs acting centrally
Benzodiazepines; diazepam
Baclofen
Mephenesin
Tizanidine
Methocarbamol
Chlorzoxazone
2. Drug acting peripherally at Neuromuscular junction
a. Neuromuscular blocker
Alcuronium
Pancuronium
Vecuronium
Rocuronium
Atracurium
Mivacurium
Tubocurarine
Botox
b. Depolarising blockers
Succinylcholine
Decamethonium
3. Drug acting directly on muscle
Dantrolene
Drotin
11. Drug used in Parkinsonism / antiparkinsonism
1. Drug that increase dopamine level
a. Dopamine precursor
Levodopa - given with carbidopa and benserazide
b. Dopaminergic agonist
Bromocryptine
c. Inhibit dopamine metabolism
Selegiline
Tolcapone
Entacapone
d. Dopamine releasing drug
Amantadine
2. Drug reduce cholinergic system; anticholinergic drug
1. Central anticholinergic
Benztropine
Benzhexol
Trihexyphenidyl
2. Antihistamines
Diphenhydramine
Promethazine
Drug induced Parkinsonism
Reserpine
Metoclopramide
Phenothiazines
13. Drug used in insomnia (sleep disorder)
1. Benzodiazepines
Lorazepam
Oxazepam
Nitrazepam
Midazolam
Triazolam
2. Barbiturates
3. Z- hypnotics (Z-drug)
Zolpidem
Zopiclone
Zaleplon
Analgesics
Classification of analgesic
1. Opoids analgesic; narcotic
2. Non opoids analgesic; non narcotic
(NSAIDs)
Opoids Analgesics
1. Natural opium alkaloids
Morphine
Codeine
Noscapine
2. Semisynthetic derivatives
Heroin
Oxymorphone
Pholcodein
3. Synthetic opoids
Fentanyl
Loperamide
Tramadol
Pethidine
Diphenoxylate
Methadone
Dextropropoxyphene
Ethoheptazine
Oxycodone
Dextromethaorphan
Mepridine
Buprenorphine
Non-opioids (NSAIDs)
A. Non- selective COX inbition
1. Salicyclic acid derivatives
Aspirin
Sodium salicylate
Diflunisal
2. Para- aminophenol derivatives
Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
3. Pyrazolone derivatives
Azapropazone
4. Indole acetic derivatives
Indomethacin
Sulindac
5. Propionic acid derivatives
Ibuprofen
Ketoprofen
Naprofen
Fenoprofen
Flubiprofen
6. Arylacetic and derivatives
Diclofenac
Tolmetin
Ketorolac
7. Anthranilic acid derivatives (fenamates)
Mefenamic acid
Meclofenamic acid
8. Oxicam derivatives
Piroxicam
Tenoxicam
Meloxicam
9. Alkanones
Nabumetone
B. Selective COX - 2 inhibitors
Celecoxib, rofecoxib, etodolac
Antiyretic drugs
1. Aspirin
2.Paracetamol/ Acetaminophen
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